How To Write In To Upper 32 Bit Register In Register Abstraction Layer

This tutorial is well-nigh reading and writing to whole gpio port of stm32 microcontrollers. While working with stm32f103 microcontroller using stm32cubemx codeconfigurator ide and ARM keil uvision-five ide with HAL libraries I noticed that the examples provided in the HAL libraries did not contain any example which explains how to access individual ports of stm32 microcontrollers? I googled to find out any online tutorial on accessing the stm32 ports directly just ended up with no resourceful guide. So i decided to write this tutorial for the newbies and make full upward the gap of writing and reading the individual ports of stm32 microcontrollers using HAL libraries.
I was interfacing 16×two grapheme lcd with stm32f103 microcontroller. 16×2 lcd can be interfaced with any microcontroller in 8 and 4 bit mode. The libraries that i was able to find for stm32 to interface 16×2 lcd with it tin exist establish at https://stm32f4-discovery.net/2014/06/library-16-interfacing-hd44780-lcd-controller-with-stm32f4/ . The library works but information technology depends on many other custom libraries that are written by author himself. One thing which is disturbing in the library is, to write iv flake data author is manipulating individual port pins of stm32 microcontroller one by one. 4-flake data or eight-bit tin can easily be written in just single iteration if using ports.

How to admission individual stm32 ports and write to them?

I could not observe any official stm32 document that explains the registers associated with stm32 microcontrollers. Some tutorials are present on internet that explains some registers but non all the stm32 registers. These tutorials were made with SPL(Standard peripheral libraries) that are no more recommended past the stmicroelectronics. And then i think that previously stm has released some data about the registers associated with the stm32 microcontrollers, but with the release of stm32cubemx code configurator they hide the registers role.

ODR(Output Data Register)
ODR is output data register of stm32 microcontrollers. It is a 16 fleck register and information technology can exist read and write to. Each stm32 microcontroller port has its ain ODR register. So if your microcontroller has three ports A,B and C and so it must has iii ODR registers associated with each port. Each bit of ODR register represents the individual port $.25.
ODR regsiter can be accessed with the argument. In example port-c of stm32 microcntroller is accessed.

GPIOC -> ODR

To write to the port the statement is uncomplicated. We can write data in hex form and in binary form. The examples are below.

GPIOC -> ODR = 0xF0FE
GPIOC -> ODR = 0b1111000011111110

We can too write to the individual pins with ODR just that is not useful if we are using HAL libraries. Since HAL has predefined statements that can easily read and write to private pins. Such as

HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(Led_GPIO_Port,Led_Pin);

Let united states wait at the definition of the upper function in the HAL libraries. The definition is present in the stm32f1xx_hal_gpio.c function. In the definition, to write to pin and toggle the pin ODR register is accessed.

A uncomplicated stm32 gpio port accessing(reading writing) project

Stm32 accessing ports directly

Lets now practice a practical. I am going to access the stm32f103 port-b and write to its pins 0 and ane using ODR register. At the output i connected 2 leds then the output binary pattern can easily exist recognized. Since 2 pins are used then the binary pattern will be 00, 01,10 and 11.

If you don;t know how to initialize the stm32 gpio pins and ports here is a elementary tutorial on initialing the stm32f103 microcontroller pins using stm32cubemx and generating code for keil arm ide.

After initializing the pins using stm32cubemx and generating code for keil arm. Its time to add the user lawmaking. The lawmaking will be similar this.

GPIOB->ODR = 0x0001; //Write to port-b
HAL_Delay(thou);//Delay 1second
GPIOB->ODR = 0x0002; //Write to port-b
HAL_Delay(g);//Filibuster 1second
GPIOB->ODR = 0x0003; //Write to port-b
HAL_Delay(yard); //Delay 1second
GPIOB->ODR = 0x0000; //Write to port-b
HAL_Delay(m);//Delay 1second

GPIOB->ODR = 0x0001; means (0b0000000000000001) pin#0 is high; 0x0002 ways pin#1 is loftier; 0x0003 means pin#0 and 1 are high.

Download the project code and please give u.s.a. your feed dorsum on the tutorial. Projection video is on the right mitt side.

Sentry the project video hither